- The Short Answer
- 1. Start With Your Goals, Not the Price
- 2. Quality of Earnings Before the Buyer Does It
- 3. Working Capital and Debt-Like Items
- 4. Valuation, Done More Than One Way
- 5. Tax Structure, Modeled With Your CPA
- 6. A Real, Competitive Sale Process
- 7. Options Beyond a Straight Sale
- What This Means for Southern California Owners
- Frequently Asked Questions
The Short Answer
A Certified M&A Professional (CM&AP) runs the sale of a business as a structured process built to protect the owner’s total outcome, not just the headline price. The CM&AP certificate comes from Kennesaw State University and is run in partnership with M&A Source. It trains advisors in the work that larger buyers, private equity groups, and strategic acquirers expect to see: clean, defended financials, a supported valuation, the right tax structure, and real competition among buyers.
I completed the program in 2026. Below are the seven things it reinforced, written for owners, so you know what a well-run sale should look like whether your company does $1 million or $50 million in revenue.
The Exit Options Study compares a full sale, partial sale, recapitalization, and keeping the company, side by side, before you commit to anything.
1. Start With Your Goals, Not the Price
The first question in a professional engagement is not “what do you think it is worth?” It is “what do you want the next five years to look like?” Do you want a clean exit, or to stay on and run the company? Take some money off the table and keep a stake for a second payday? Protect key employees or a family legacy?
Each answer points to a different type of buyer, a different deal structure, and often a different price. A strategic acquirer, a private equity group, an individual buyer with an SBA loan, and an employee group will each value and structure the same company differently. Setting the goals first is how you avoid winning the wrong deal.
2. Quality of Earnings Before the Buyer Does It
Buyers do not pay for last year’s profit. They pay for the profit they believe will continue. On larger deals, a buyer will commission a quality of earnings review that picks apart one-time expenses, owner perks, unusual revenue, and accounting choices.
A professional advisor does a version of that work before going to market: normalizing the financial statements, documenting every add-back to adjusted EBITDA, and flagging anything a buyer will question. When every adjustment is backed by paper, the price is far less likely to be “re-traded” during financial due diligence.
3. Working Capital and Debt-Like Items
The number on the letter of intent is not the number you take home. Two items that often move the final check are the working capital target and debt-like items.
- Working capital target (the “peg”): most deals require the business to be delivered with a normal level of receivables, inventory, and payables. If the peg is set above your normal month, you effectively give back part of the price at closing. See working capital adjustments explained.
- Debt-like items: buyers may treat things such as customer deposits, deferred revenue, accrued bonuses, or unpaid taxes as debt and subtract them from the price.
Knowing your normal working capital and your likely debt-like items before you go to market lets you set the terms instead of reacting to them late in the deal, when you have the least leverage. More on how these work in purchase price adjustments.
4. Valuation, Done More Than One Way
If a valuation rests on one method, it is an opinion. A defensible valuation looks at the business from several angles:
| Method | What it tells you | Best used for |
|---|---|---|
| Market comparables | What similar companies actually sold for, as a multiple of SDE or EBITDA | Grounding the price in real transactions |
| Discounted cash flow (DCF) | What future earnings are worth today, given the buyer’s cost of capital and risk | Growing companies and larger buyers who model returns |
| Asset approach | The value of equipment, inventory, and other assets | Asset-heavy businesses and a floor value |
When the methods disagree, the gap is the conversation worth having, and usually where the negotiation will happen. Learn more in how businesses are valued and what multiples businesses sell for.
5. Tax Structure, Modeled With Your CPA
Two offers with the same price can leave you with very different amounts after tax. Whether the deal is an asset sale or a stock sale, and how the price is allocated among equipment, goodwill, and non-compete payments, changes what you keep. California adds its own layer, covered in California capital gains considerations.
A professional advisor does not give tax advice. The job is to make sure structure is on the table early and modeled with your CPA and attorney before you sign a letter of intent, not after.
6. A Real, Competitive Sale Process
One buyer is a negotiation. Several qualified buyers is a market. A disciplined process usually includes:
- A short, anonymous teaser and a detailed confidential information memorandum that tells the company’s story with proof, not hype.
- A researched buyer list: strategic acquirers, private equity groups, family offices, and qualified individuals, not just whoever answers a listing.
- Confidentiality agreements and buyer screening before any sensitive information is shared. See how confidentiality works.
- A timeline, with indications of interest and letters of intent due on the same dates so offers can be compared side by side.
- Negotiation of the full package, not just price: cash at close, seller financing, earnouts, working capital, and your role after the sale. See how to negotiate the sale of your business.
7. Options Beyond a Straight Sale
Selling 100% of the company is not the only exit. Depending on your goals, alternatives may include a partial sale or recapitalization with a private equity group, a sale to management, or an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). Each trades some price for something else: control, timing, legacy, or a second payday later. These paths are always structured with the right legal, tax, and financing specialists.
Example: An owner in her early sixties wants to slow down but is not ready to walk away. Instead of a full sale, she could sell a majority stake, stay on for three years, and keep a minority interest that pays again when the buyer sells the company later. The right answer depends on her goals, which is why the process starts there.
What This Means for Southern California Owners
Los Angeles and Ventura County have thousands of established, owner-run companies, from manufacturers and distributors in the San Fernando Valley to service businesses across the region, and many owners are approaching retirement at the same time. Buyers, including out-of-state private equity groups, are active here, and they arrive prepared. A seller who arrives just as prepared negotiates from strength.
I bring this process to every engagement, scaled to the size of the business. For main street companies it means tighter numbers and better buyers. For companies with $5M to $50M in revenue, see lower middle market M&A advisory.

Martin Navarro earned the CM&AP from Kennesaw State University in October 2026. Verify the credential on Kennesaw State's badge page.
Note: The CM&AP is a professional education certificate, not a license. This article is general educational information, not legal, tax, or investment advice. Consult qualified professionals about your specific situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Certified M&A Professional (CM&AP)?
CM&AP is a certificate from Kennesaw State University, run in partnership with M&A Source, that trains advisors to run sale processes for privately held companies, with a focus on businesses in roughly the $5M to $50M revenue range. It covers owner goal setting, financial analysis and quality of earnings, working capital, valuation, tax structure, marketing a company to buyers, and negotiation. It is an education credential, not a license.
Is a CM&AP the same as a license?
No. CM&AP is a professional education certificate. In California, representing the sale of a business generally requires a real estate license from the Department of Real Estate. Martin Navarro holds California DRE license #02372118 in addition to the CM&AP certificate.
Do I need an M&A professional if my business is small?
Not every sale needs a full lower middle market process, but the same disciplines help at any size: knowing what buyers will question in your numbers, setting working capital terms correctly, and creating competition among qualified buyers. The process scales to the business.
When should I talk to an M&A advisor about selling?
Ideally 12 to 36 months before you want to sell. That window gives you time to clean up financials, fix issues a buyer would discount, and choose the right exit path instead of reacting to the first offer.
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